Enamel has excellent protective properties. It is used both for exterior and interior use, can be applied to concrete, metal, wood, as well as plaster. Now we will find answers to the question of how to choose the right enamel.

Before you buy enamel, you need to decide which surface you are going to paint. Let's try to figure out the huge assortment offered by manufacturers. The price of enamel depends on its purpose and quality characteristics. The composition of enamel determines its scope.

Universal enamels

The most widely used in everyday life is PF-115 enamel, which is made on a pentaphthalic basis. Pentaphthalic enamels are suitable both for external and internal works, possess good gloss. The color scheme is the most diverse. The price of this enamel is low and affordable for everyone. PF-115 is intended for painting metal, wood and other surfaces that are exposed to external atmospheric influences. This enamel is also suitable for coloring any household items, from window frames to batteries. Painting of paints of this type does not require special skills.

White enamel is designed for high-quality painting of window frames, doors, furniture, metal products. Superwhite enamels have high wear resistance and weather resistance. And for coloring heating radiators in white, a special acrylic water-borne enamel is used.

For painting metal parts of the chassis, components, car engines by dipping or electrodeposition, black enamel V-FL 1199 is used.

Enamels for outdoor use

The leader in durability and strength, perhaps, are silicone enamels. Enamel brands KO-42, KO-855, KO-174 are available in a wide variety of colors and provide good protection against external influences.

Alkyd enamel (PF and GF brands) is used for painting wooden and metal surfaces. It provides a solid, durable, shiny film after drying. Most alkyd enamels have a drying time of 24 hours, but quick-drying paints are also available, which dry in 1 hour.

Very strong and durable semi-gloss coating provides the enamel XB, which basically contains perchlorovinyl and glyphthalic resins. To paint the plastered concrete or brick surface of the facade of the building, it is recommended to use enamel XB-161. This paint is highly resistant to atmospheric precipitation.

Enamel XB-0278 is used for painting prepared metal and wooden surfaces for outdoor use. It is applied to the surface by airless or pneumatic spraying.

For the same purposes, as well as for painting concrete and reinforced concrete building structures, enamel XB-16 is used. In addition, this enamel can be used to decorate fabrics. This type of enamel is sprayed.

Due to its unique resistance, XB-785 enamel is used in complex coatings to protect equipment, metal products and reinforced concrete building structures from the aggressive effects of concentrated inorganic acids, alkalis, salts and gases, as well as from prolonged contact with water at temperatures no higher than 60-65 o C. Apply also by spraying. In addition, polyurethane enamel is used for the same purpose. Enamel on metal is applied to galvanized iron, aluminum and ferrous metals.

Enamel NTs-132 dries very quickly, perfectly protects from the damaging effects of dampness and direct sunlight. The basis of NTs-132 enamel is nitrocellulose. It is used for painting wooden and pre-primed metal products, as well as for any outdoor work. SC enamel is sprayed onto the surface. Before starting work, it is recommended to clean the surface well from dirt, dust, grease, technical greases. To clean metal products from rust and be sure to prime.

Interior Materials

I must say that this division into materials for exterior and interior decoration is rather arbitrary, since almost all enamels for outdoor work can be used indoors. But it is better and cheaper to use special enamels for this purpose. Perfect for this, alkyd enamels and some others are suitable. They will be discussed.

EP enamel is prepared on the basis of epoxy resin. Enamel coating EP-140 is used for painting pre-primed surfaces of steel, magnesium, copper and its alloys, as well as amalgam of titanium and aluminum. All paint components are mixed immediately before use. It should be remembered that epoxy enamel requires special storage conditions - it should be stored in a sealed container, avoiding direct sunlight.

Enamel GF-92 based on glyphthalic varnish is used for windings of electrical machines. There are two types of enamel GF. To process the stationary parts of the windings, the enamel ГФ 92 ХС is used - enamel of cold drying, and the enamel of hot drying ГФ 92 ГС is used for both stationary and rotating parts of the winding.

An enamel wire (enameled wire) is used directly in the coils of electrical appliances. It is coated with electrical insulating varnish based on modified polyester resins, so the wire has high thermal properties and great flexibility.

Enamel on rust will help to paint a metal surface covered with corrosion products. For these purposes a unique product has been created - primer-enamel. This means of triple action - soil enamel on rust. It is designed to protect metal aggregates exposed to aggressive gases and vapors from an industrial atmosphere.

For painting surfaces used at high temperatures, heat-resistant enamel is used. Such enamels are used for painting pipelines, boilers, heating systems, railway tanks, etc. Heat-resistant enamels form coatings of increased hardness and durability.

For the purchase of paints and varnishes, you can safely contact the company Tekhnoff63. Sale of paints and enamels is our job. Here you will find a large selection of paints, primers, enamels, varnishes, solvents. Our paints and enamels meet all the requirements of GOST; all products have quality certificates. You can see the price list where you will find prices for all products. Competent consultants will help you determine the type of enamel and its required amount. It must be remembered that the consumption of paint depends on the nature of the surface that you intend to paint and its type.

Areas of use

Where PF-115 enamel is used, mainly for painting windows, doors, and central heating radiators. Also, due to its high weather resistance, this enamel is excellent for working with outdoor objects, in particular metal and wooden structures, which include verandas, arbors, fences, benches, as well as other utility structures. This enamel is distinguished by good moisture resistance, which provides a protective film that can hold the enamel on a painted surface. This will allow you not to worry that after applying the paint will begin to settle, or bubbles may appear on its surface, spoiling its appearance. A significant advantage in favor of this type of enamel is the ability to withstand the effects of ultraviolet radiation. Thanks to this, the paint does not fade for a long time.

The scope of application of the PF-115 enamel is quite wide, its characteristics make it suitable for working with surfaces such as drywall, brick, concrete, as well as metal and wood.

Marking and composition

Enamel PF-115 - is a suspension containing pigments, as well as special fillers in an alkyd mixture. In this case, the semi-finished product of pentaphthalic varnish - PF-060, as well as titanium dioxide, acts as the basic component. The composition of the enamel PF 115 also includes a solvent. They can be any drier, in particular - white spirit, etc.

In the event that enamels need to be given additional properties, the chemical composition of PF-115 is provided with additional modifiers. In particular, the finely divided dye used for PF-115.

Special optional components can also provide the desired color. For example, zinc white gives the enamel a white color, carbon black - gray. Yellow azure is used as a modifier to produce shades of yellow. In general, it is worth noting that although the color range of this enamel is most often limited to basic colors, it is quite diverse and wide. The list of shades most often has about 50 different options. A relatively small line of shades is explained by the fact that the production of many of them is complicated from a technological point of view. And due to the decline in the quality of many characteristics, they can be assigned not the highest, but only the first grade of quality.

Marking of the indicated material indicates such characteristics as composition (PF - pentaphthalic base) and PF enamel color number 115 (115 - number of the corresponding series). In 2001, a number of significant adjustments were made to the production standard - GOST 6465-76, which are necessary for a qualitative improvement in the technical characteristics of products. Also, two basic varieties of paint are currently being produced, industrial and retail, depending on their area of ​​application.

The main differences between the modifications are associated with the features of the process. In particular, enamel, designed for retail consumers, is available in ready-made, diluted form (although, in some cases, it still has to be diluted additionally). Dyes used for industrial purposes are, on the contrary, available in concentrated form and should be diluted with solvents.

The main characteristics of enamel

Considering the main technical characteristics of alkyd enamel PF 115, the following should be noted:

1. Gloss level (formation of a glossy coating) - 50%
2. The adhesion level is up to 1 point, however, the more oily options differ in lower rates of this parameter
3. The percentage of non-volatile components - from 50% to 70%
4. Bending elasticity of the material - does not exceed 1 millimeter
5. The specific hardness of enamel is from 0.15 to 0.25 conventional units
6. Conditional viscosity - from 60 to 120 conventional units

The drying time of the coating at room temperature is about 24 hours. The ability of enamel to resist various adverse environmental conditions is also unequal. In particular, the time of resistance to fuels and lubricants is 24 hours, high humidity - up to 2 hours, aggressive cleaning products - up to 15 minutes.

In addition, the enamel is distinguished by good hiding power and a service life of at least 4-5 years in a fairly cold climate (in the case of using paint in a hot climate, this figure decreases to one year).

However, the main disadvantage of enamel is that it is quite toxic and fire hazard. Therefore, when working with it, it is necessary to comply with safety requirements (in particular, wear a respirator, goggles and special clothing).

Compliance with state standards

The production technology of enamel PF-115 is standardized by GOST 6465-76. The development of this standard was held by the USSR Ministry of Chemical Industry in 1976. Also, in order to regulate key aspects of the production process, other state standards have been created and are still being used in practice. A direct list of GOSTs containing information about the quality of enamel is as follows:

1. 9980.1 - contains the basic rules for acceptance,
2. 9980.2 — Enamel Sampling Procedure
3. 9980.3 - regulates the use of packaging and labeling
4. 12.1.005 - hazard classes of the components in the paint are listed
5. 12.1.044 - contains all information about the fire hazard of the material
6. 12.3.005b 12.1.004 - contains the necessary requirements for the production process, as well as the use of material.

The state standard also defines what protective equipment and protective clothing should be used to maximize compliance with safety requirements.

Painting Features

Due to the universal qualities of enamel, work with it is permissible under conditions when the air temperature is from 5 to 35 degrees above zero. Application of paint can be carried out using spray guns, rollers, brushes and brushes of various sizes. Immersion staining is also acceptable.

The number of layers of paint and its intensity depends on the nature of the painted surface. In particular:

1. Concrete, wood or brick surfaces, as well as plaster, require at least two or three layers of paint, each of which should be 18–23 microns thick.
2. Painting of metal structures requires a preliminary primer of the surface, as well as the application of at least two layers of enamel.
3. The differences in the technological process of painting the surface are mainly due to the fact that the surface materials have an uneven structure and can interact differently with the components of the paint.
4. The drying time of the paint also largely depends on environmental conditions, but on average at a moderate temperature it takes about a day. If there is a need to accelerate the drying process of the paint, it is permissible to increase the temperature to 100 degrees.

After the enamel dries completely, its surface acquires uniformity and smoothness. It also becomes resistant to both mechanical and chemical, as well as weathering.

Surface preparation for coating

In order for the enamel to lay down as qualitatively and evenly as possible, due attention should be paid to preparatory work with the surface. It must be worked out properly. The stages of the preparatory work are as follows:

1. First, the work surface is thoroughly cleaned, degreased, and if necessary, the old paint layer is removed from it. You can use a soap solution, washing powder, etc.
2. Metal surfaces must be cleaned of rust, thoroughly degreased and coated with a corrosion-resistant primer.
3. Wooden - as it should be sanded, then it is advisable to apply a primer, drying oil on them, universal varnish is also suitable.
4. Porous surfaces need an alkyd primer
5. After the surface is cleaned, it must be dried.
6. Before application, the enamel is diluted with a solvent in accordance with the instructions, mixed thoroughly until a homogeneous mass is obtained. After that, the composition is applied to the surface with a brush or roller. Note that the application of a pentaphthalic primer is also possible on top of old paint. But her layer must be carefully sanded.

Precautionary measures

Since enamel is a fairly toxic material, work with it is permissible only with the use of special protective devices (respirator, goggles and gloves). If paint gets on the skin, they must be thoroughly washed with a soap solution. Also, the room in which work is carried out with enamel should be properly ventilated. High fire hazard paint should exclude the presence of any source of fire nearby.

Enamel consumption

The consumption of PF-115 enamel depends on a number of circumstances.But it is worth noting that in general it is spent quite economically. In particular, it is possible to reduce the flow rate by choosing the optimal application method (it is noted that the use of a spray gun makes the flow rate much more economical compared to painting with a brush). As well as manufacturing technology (paint manufactured according to TU increases consumption by 50% compared with produced according to GOST).

Also, competent PF-115 enamel economically allows the use of competent preparation of the surface of the material (applying a primer, etc.)

Enamel color also has a significant effect on flow. More pigmented paint (especially black, is required in much smaller quantities). Most of all, white paint is required.

The surface to be painted and its characteristics can also affect paint consumption. It is known that a wooden surface that absorbs paint requires much more coatings than, for example, metal or concrete.

To date, a number of Russian enterprises are engaged in the production of PF 115 enamel. In particular:

• Yaroslavl flavor
• Profilux
• Norm
• Master

All these brands have already managed to prove themselves from the best side. Nevertheless, when choosing in favor of a particular brand, it is necessary to pay attention to ensure that it has all the necessary certificates of conformity and meets the requirements of GOST.

It is also worth noting that the enamel of different manufacturers is distinguished by unequal properties. In particular:

Enamel manufacturer "Optimum" dries out quite quickly (5-8 hours), but subsequent coatings can be applied no earlier than one day after the first. Also, such an enamel is distinguished by a lower shelf life - 1.5 years, which is significantly less than that of many competitors. PF 115 is optimal when used for drywall surfaces, fiberboard and particleboard.

Enamel "Lacra" has a large number of shades and when applied gives a glossy effect. Shelf life is two years.

The semi-gloss coating “Tex Fazenda” is especially resistant to external influences, the area treated with it can withstand even aggressive components of the medium (for example, solvent). Also, the surface treated with this enamel is easily cleaned from contamination.

How to store enamel?

The increased combustibility of enamel explains why it is unacceptable to store material near sources of fire, and it is also necessary to protect it from direct sunlight. The optimum air temperature that preserves the properties of enamel is not higher than 40 degrees above zero and not lower than 40 degrees below zero. Shelf life of enamel is from one year.

Chemical composition, marking, PF-115 colors

The regulatory document that once determined the optimal combination of the components that make up this alkyd paint was GOST No. 6465-76. This standard is used to verify the quality of the composition before allowing it to be implemented. The production of pentaphthalic enamel according to the specifications developed by manufacturers independently is also allowed. This affects the cost and may affect the quality of the coating.

From a chemical point of view, alkyd paint-enamel PF-115 is a suspension, which includes:

• solvent,
• pentaphthalic based varnish,
• titanium dioxide
• color pigments.

Depending on the color, the proportion of the components changes.

• According to technical characteristics, PF 115 white enamel contains: pentafle varnish 28%, titanium dioxide 62%, white spirit 10%,
• Gray - pentaflac varnish 20%, titanium dioxide 75%, white spirit 4.5%, carbon black 0.5%,
• Blue - pentafle varnish 26%, titanium dioxide 60%, white spirit 4%, azure 4%, zinc white 6%.

The production of enamel in accordance with GOST requires careful observance of proportions, which ensures the most effective use. High-quality alkyd paint is applicable both in combination with soil and as an independent material to create a reliable coating.

Marking

When painting, it is important to choose the right enamel. For ease of orientation, manufacturers use generally accepted markings indicated on the label of the paint container. So, the standard designation of universal alkyd enamel PF-115 has five components:

• name of the type of paint coating - in our case it is paint,
• abbreviation (PF), implying the presence of a pentaphthalic based varnish in the composition,
• digital key. In this case, it is the number 115, where the first digit means that the material is suitable for external painting or restoration work, and the last two reflect the chemical composition corresponding to GOST.

Varieties of enamel paint

Available on the market today matte (115m) and glossy alkyd paint based on PF-115, which finds application in construction and repair work and is suitable for the implementation of any painting projects.

Modern manufacturers produce two main types of oil paint PF-115, the technical characteristics of which differ in specific applications.

Allocate industrial and household paints - the former are supplied for production needs and are produced in a concentrated state, while the latter are focused on the retail consumer. They already contain a solvent to reduce the time of preliminary preparation before painting - however, enamel will still have to be diluted before use.

Packaging of PF-115 enamel also depends on the intended purpose - you can find both small liter cans and capacious containers for industrial use.

Scope, technical characteristics of PF-115

Almost any external surface can be painted with pentaphthalic alkyd paint - it is used for concrete, metal and wood.

PF-115 oil paint is suitable for processing a facade, walls, basement or roof. Any house, whether it is a wooden hacienda or a concrete structure of a panel type, can be effectively painted in a short time. For each of them, the proportions of the use of components are determined, which ensure optimal technical characteristics of the PF-115. By the way The general technical characteristics of this enamel include:

• the gloss formed when staining the film is 50%,
• paint adhesion 1 point or less
• mass fraction of non-volatiles in the total volume - 50-70%,
• elasticity (in bending) - up to 1 mm,
• impact strength - from 40 cm,
• hardness - from 0.15 to 0.25 conventional units,
• drying time at a temperature of about 20ºС - no more than 24 min.,
• viscosity (conditional) - 60-120 s,
• resistance to: water - 2 hours, technical oil - 24 hours, detergent (0.5%) - at least 15 minutes.

These technical characteristics determine both the advantages and some disadvantages of pentaphthalic enamel. We will analyze in more detail.

Advantages of PF-115

The main advantages of using this enamel include:

• high resistance to external atmospheric factors, such as moisture, extreme temperatures (from -50 to +50 degrees) and ultraviolet rays,
• the possibility of long-term operation - the shelf life in normal climatic conditions is about four years. But it’s worth considering that with constant exposure to high temperatures and moisture, it can be reduced to one year,
• wide range of colors
• increased resistance to chemical compositions - safe coating can be washed using special detergents,
• high adhesion to the base due to the high adhesion in the compositions (according to GOST up to one point),
• universality of application: concrete, metal, wood. Including application on plaster or wood base coated with varnish is allowed,
• low consumption rates for cost-effectiveness. Consumption of PF-115 paint-enamel per 1 m2 according to the instructions is approximately 150 grams, and depends, inter alia, on the technology used, as well as the type of surface,
• low cost. PF 115 compared with other coatings is not very expensive - 1 kg of material will cost about 60-70 rubles.

Disadvantages of PF-115

Among the minuses inherent in working with enamel, experts distinguish:

• long drying time - the complete polymerization of the coating is about a day. This is quite a lot, considering how much other enamel dries,
• low fire safety class - despite the fact that a number of brands declare the presence of KM-1 certificate, the bulk of PF-115 enamels are characterized by increased flammability,
• toxicity and a specific smell of the composition - work with paint requires compliance with all precautions, since it contains solvents harmful to the human body and chemical components that evaporate during drying,
• the difficulty of cleaning paint tools - as a rule, after finishing work the brushes are easier to throw away than to dissolve PF-115, dried up during use.

Enamel manufacturers PF-115

Today, a large number of brands from domestic and foreign manufacturers are represented in construction stores. Among them, the most popular representatives of this market segment can be distinguished.

Tex

One of the leaders of the Russian market, the Tex company, produces several types of pf-115 enamel at once: Optimum, Stroyteks, Universal, Fazenda They are optimally suited for all types of painting work and differ in the characteristics of the formed coating. So, PF-115 “Tex Universal” enamel is used to create glossy surfaces in 12 colors, the Stroyteks brand is distinguished by increased whiteness, and PF-115 Optimum enamel in a white solution can also have a matte shade. The hacienda is ideal for wood and metal.

Novocolor

Another brand is Novokolor. This enamel dries in just 3-4 hours at a temperature of 18-22 degrees. Enamel paint "Novokolor" complies with GOST standards. Before using the composition of this brand on wooden surfaces, it is recommended to soak them with drying oil - this will improve the quality of the final coating. Enamel "Novokolor" has a low cost - 0.9 kg of the mixture can be bought, on average, for 90 rubles.

Lacra

The Lakra brand, produced by one of the largest manufacturing enterprises in Russia, announces an increased shelf life of its products - PF-115 Lacra metal enamel lasts up to 5 years. This is confirmed by the results of independent studies.

Empils and Britz

The Rostov-based Empils company has been offering the most favorable price solutions for the purchase of PF-115 oil paint for more than twenty years. Competition in this regard, they can only make enamels from the company Britz. Both companies strictly comply with GOST, as well as all bio-and environmental standards in relation to their own production.

May

Universal alkyd enamel "May" PF-115 from the company "Yaroslavl paints" - a little more expensive, but very high-quality solution. It is suitable for all types of painting work, and paint consumption per 1 square. m. will be about 130 grams. Such a consumption rate is very favorable in comparison with analogues.

Specificity of work with PF-115 enamel

In preparation for the paintwork using PF-115 paints, it is necessary to stock up with all the necessary equipment. You will need:

• sanding paper - for surface cleaning,
• painting tools (brushes, rollers, brushes and spray guns),
• a container to dilute the enamel,
• solvent - so that there is something to dilute the enamel (the usual "White Spirit" is suitable),
• a supply of paint sufficient to fully process the entire planned surface volume,
• protective equipment (bathrobe, gloves, goggles and a respirator).

It is important to remember that pentaphthalic alkyd paint is very toxic. It is harmful for her to breathe, so for work you need to not only ensure the availability of personal protective equipment, but also regularly ventilate the painted room, or take breaks in work.

The preparation procedure is no different from ordinary painting. If there are traces of dirt, dust on the surface to be painted, as well as an old coating, it is best to clean and sand the entire perimeter. If you don’t know how to dissolve an old varnished coating, try gasoline or professional chemicals.

The technical properties of PF-115 allow you to work with the composition at temperatures from +5 to +35 ° C. You can paint using conventional painting tools (roller, brush, spray gun) or using the immersion method, i.e. completely lowering a small part into a paint container.

The standard recommendation for painting any surfaces involves two-layer application of PF-115 enamel, and it will be necessary to wait until the first layer has completely dried (24 hours). In this case, when processing wooden, concrete surfaces, brick or plaster, the consumption of material per layer will be 0.13-0.15 kg of paint

As mentioned earlier, GOST prescribes various compositions and proportions for each color. It should be noted that this also affects the enamel consumption rate - i.e. depending on the selected shade, the desired volume changes. One of the most expensive, oddly enough, is white enamel - one kilogram is enough for only 7-10 m 2. But with the same amount of black paint PF-115, you can process twice as much area - up to 20 m 2.

Conclusion

Oddly enough, but the PF115 enamel paint, created back in Soviet times, still meets high requirements. The compositions produced today continue to comply with GOST 6465-76, and at the same time, significantly expanded their color palette. This means that such an inexpensive material can satisfy any design decisions of the exterior.

What does marking PF-115 mean?

Enamel PF-115, well known to professional builders and owners of private houses, appeared on the market in the distant 60s of the last century. Until now, it remains one of the most practical paints for various kinds of repair and construction works. Such durability is due not only to the low price, but also to a number of unique consumer qualities.

Paint is produced almost unchanged from the day it first entered the market. Regulates its composition GOST 6465-76. If you want to use the classic PF 115, then buy paint made in accordance with GOST. Many manufacturers make changes in the chemical composition and produce paint according to technical specifications. It is very difficult to guess whether its properties are improved or worsened; it can only be verified experimentally. But there is not always time to do this, and not everyone can afford to buy paint, albeit inexpensive, for experiments.

In the name of PF 115, the chemical composition and main areas of application are encrypted. The index is understandable to the specialist, but does not mean anything to the average buyer. However, the information is very important.

PF letter symbol indicates that the binder of the paint is pentaphthalic varnish (a type of alkyd resin). The scope of pentaphthalic paints is external and internal work on a wide range of materials.

The numbers 115 indicate the scope of application:

• 1 - for outdoor work in various climatic conditions,
• 15 - chemical composition number, determined by GOST and decrypted by the manufacturer.

In its physical state, PF-115 paint is a suspension, a suspension of various types of solid and liquid particles in a liquid medium. Particles are represented by solvents, dyes, pigments, desiccants, titanium dioxide and other fillers. The base is a fairly viscous pentaphthalic varnish that dissolves with white spirit or other organic liquids.

The chemical composition of the paint PF-115

In the classic form, the composition of the PF 115 paint includes different components, depending on the color. Different types of enamel differ, both in the number of components and in their percentage ratio.But the peculiarity of this paint is that, regardless of the composition, the main operational properties remain unchanged.

Paint is made in ready-made colors, you can change the shade only by mixing different modifications of PF 115 in a certain proportion. Moreover, by mixing a precisely metered test quantity of different paints and obtaining the desired color, you can proportionally increase the volume of components and prepare the required supply of paint of the desired selected shade.

As an example, consider the composition of the most common types of PF 115 paint, the technical characteristics of which largely coincide.

White:

1. pentaphthalic varnish - 28%,

2. titanium dioxide - 62%,

3. white spirit - 10%.

Blue:

1. varnish - 26%

2. TiO2 - 60%,

3. zinc white - 6%,

4. light blue - 4%

5. solvent - 4%.

Gray:

1. Varnish - 20%

2. TiO2 - 75%,

3. carbon black - 0.5%,

4. solvent - 4.5%.

The paint produced according to GOST exactly corresponds to this chemical composition and the coating will have the qualities indicated in the paint certificate.

Technical characteristics of PF-115 paint

As already mentioned, the paint has a number of properties that are quite unique in this combination, which allowed the composition to withstand fierce competition and survive on the market for more than half a century. At the same time, enamel is one of the most popular, which in itself is a unique phenomenon.

The main characteristics of the PF-115 paint will be shown in the form of a table:

According to its properties, PF-115 enamel requires careful handling, especially when used indoors. Before work, it is necessary to check the operability of ventilation and the absence of sources of open flame. It is also not recommended to use heat guns, both on liquid fuel, and with electric heating.

Appointment and scope

Due to its high viscosity and excellent adhesion, the use of PF 115 paint is very wide.

The composition can be painted:

Unless it is suitable only for roofing works - with strong heating of slate or tin sheets, cracks can appear and the color changes greatly.

Enamel is used mainly for external work for structures located in the open air. It is used both as a monolayer coating and as a part of multilayer coatings, in combination with soils, anticorrosive and antiseptic impregnations, insulating layers. Enamel does not have its own antiseptic and bactericidal properties, therefore, when treating wood and brick or concrete walls in wet conditions, such additives are necessary.

It has PF-115 enamel and very high decorative properties - according to GOST 6465-76 it is produced in 22 colors and shades. In recent decades, manufacturers have offered modernized paint, which is available in almost all colors of the RAL scale. In this case, the color number from the catalog is indicated on banks or barrels of paint. This is one of the few cases when it is preferable to buy paint made not according to GOST than standard. But it must be noted that this type of enamel costs more than usual due to the use of expensive dyes.

The high elasticity of the film, which can be obtained by painting surfaces in two or more layers (a single-layer coating is used only when updating a previously completed finish with the same paint, provided that it does not have cracks and swelling) allows the use of PF 115 in completely different climatic conditions. The temperature range at which the finished coating retains its properties is incredible - 50 ... + 60 0 C. But the paint fully complies with the declared characteristics only if all the technological rules for applying the coating layer are observed. How to use enamel we will tell further.

Application and recommended paint schemes

Waterproof alkyd enamel PF 115 can be applied with any type of paint tool - brush, roller, spray. When calculating the amount of paint needed, it is imperative to take into account the feature of the surface to be painted and the color of the paint.

Concrete, brick, unpolished wood absorb paint quite intensively and its consumption will be greater than when coating planed wood, metal or previously painted surfaces.

Selection of the amount of paint by color

Depending on the color, the consumption of standard paint is in a fairly large range. At room temperature, for painting 1 m 2 of the same type of non-primed surface, you will need:

0.1-0.14 kg -
white paints

0.05 - 0.06 kg -
black paints

0.07 - 0.1 kg -
blue paints

0.07 - 0.08 kg -
brown paints

0.1 - 0.2 kg -
red paints

The calculation is given for single-layer painting. When determining the real one, the number of layers is multiplied by the figures given and again multiplied by a coefficient of 0.9 - less paint is used for each subsequent layer than for the first. The second coat can be applied no earlier than 24 hours after completion of the previous coating.

The surfaces are painted only ideally dry, warmed up to a temperature of at least +5 0 C. It is optimal to carry out painting work using PF 115 in dry, calm weather with an outside temperature in the range +15 ... + 22 0 C. In this case, the paint will maintain optimum viscosity, solvent - do not evaporate too quickly from the surface, and the risk of sagging is minimized.

The method of application also affects the paint consumption. When using a roller, it will be larger than a brush, and a spray can lead to some overspray. Also, the average consumption directly depends on the quality of surface preparation for painting and compliance with standard paint application patterns.

Coloring schemes enamel PF-115

1. Coloring metal.

Metals of all types are painted with enamel only after priming with the compositions GF 0119, VL 05, GF 021 or their analogues, compatible with pentaphthalic paints. The number 0 must always be the first in the index of primers. If there are no primers and the surfaces are not very responsible, then PF 115 enamel diluted with white spirit to 50% of the initial density can be used for the primer.

Surfaces bearing traces of corrosion are treated with rust inhibitors (converters) of the Unicor type before the primer. These compounds are applied after mechanical cleaning of the metal from rust and grease. They turn corrosion products into durable and dense joints that do not differ in hardness from solid metal. Metals are painted with PF 115 enamel in two layers.

2. Coloring a tree.

Enamel is applied on wood without primer in 2–3 layers. If necessary (recommended), treat the wood surface with flame retardants, antiseptics and fungicides compatible with pentaphthalic paints. Manufacturers of coatings and varnishes offer a wide selection of such compositions, but when using them, it is necessary to carefully study the instructions - some of them are designed for acrylic paints, some act as an independent coating.

3. Stucco, concrete, brick.

These materials are painted with enamel in 2 to 3 layers without a primer. But it is advisable to use anti-mold preparations - enamel forms a dense surface with low vapor permeability and residual moisture can cause favorable conditions for the development of mold and fungus in the massif of material if there are spore pests.

When painting any of the materials, the surface must be thoroughly cleaned of dust and dried. Residual humidity should not exceed 10 - 15%. Fresh concrete walls and foundations, as well as brick structures, can be painted no earlier than six months after the end of installation. The interval between applying the next coat of paint is at least a day.

In most cases, in factory containers, the paint is sold completely ready for use. But after opening the can, the solvent begins to evaporate intensively and the enamel density increases. To bring the paint to a working consistency, white spirit or solvent is used, as well as mixtures thereof. It is not recommended to use gasoline and kerosene - although they dissolve the enamel, they significantly change its shade and luster.

When preparing paint for work, it must be thoroughly mixed, adding solvent in small portions. In the process, the paint also needs to be mixed periodically.

Enamel: characteristics, composition and features of application

Paints and varnishes provide people with many opportunities. However, in order to use them correctly, you need to know a number of subtleties. This fully applies to the use of enamel products.

What it is?

Enamels are a type of paints and varnishes formed by mixing pigments and solvents. With the help of varnish they turn into a suspension. When the paint composition hardens, it forms a strong color film on the surface that is impervious to light rays. This film may have a different texture, therefore, such products are widely in demand.

In addition to its decorative function, enamels often struggle with traces of rust accumulated on the surface being trimmed.

When any enamel dries, the solvent evaporates, and the resins become stronger. Crucial in evaluating the properties of a composition is the concentration of a binder in its composition. This parameter directly affects the visible gloss and properties during the filling of liquid coatings. The total drying time does not exceed 3 hours, but the recipe can vary greatly.

Do not confuse ordinary enamel with enamel paint, the receipt of which is achieved by grinding the pigments in a mixture with artificial or oil varnish.

Enamels may include various types of resins:

• perchlorovinyl
• nitrocellulose
• polyvinyl chloride and some others.

Regardless of the specific type, not only physical, but also chemical changes in the coatings occur during the solidification process. Thanks to them, the enamel surface is durable and resistant even to attempts to dissolve it with its previous composition.

• Epoxyurea-formaldehyde and alkyd enamel paints dry for about a day. Aerosol enamel differs from the usual one not so much in chemical composition (it can be different), but in simplified application. A side effect of this, unfortunately, is a noticeably higher consumption compared to manual staining.
• Nitro-based compounds were originally created for painting cars. Their developers were able to achieve unusually fast drying (15 - 30 minutes). But the finishers, though not immediately, also appreciated the characteristics of such coloring compounds.
• Oil Enamel is a phthalic resin to which vegetable oil and pigments have been added. The coating formed with its help is extremely durable, with a pleasant sheen.

If you need to buy odorless coatings, you should pay attention to latex enamel.

AC-554

The technical properties of the enamel make it possible to use it when marking roadways, painting rail and air vehicles, various rescue and signaling devices. The effect of daylight fluorescence provides the maximum brightness of the coating in sunlight or in ultraviolet rays. To prevent fading, the enamel is applied in three layers and covered on top with a pair of layers of AC-528 protective varnish. Before use, the mixture must be thoroughly mixed and the 667th diluent should be poured into it.

On a painted and well-polished surface, enamel can be applied without treating the base with phosphor primers.

Able to paint well prepared surfaces from:

This type of enamel is formed by a suspension of pigments and fillers. It is prepared using solutions of glyphthalic and perchlorovinyl resin in an organic solvent of increased volatility. The mixture is applied using pneumatic or vacuum spraying.

XB-518 protective

Designed to cover aluminum and steel surfaces, and for a short time it can be applied to wood. It is allowed to treat a surface that has not been soaked with a primer. The coating is characterized by low viscosity. The created layer is resistant to a variety of climatic conditions, to the effects of still water and industrial lubricating oils.

Enamel is designed to update the appearance of different surfaces, as well as to protect them from the damaging effects of aggressive substances. When stained in two layers over a special type of primer, the coating can retain its consumer characteristics for up to 5 years in the temperate climate zone, in tropical regions this period is reduced to 1 year.

Delivery is carried out in containers of at least 18 kg. The applied layer does not exfoliate, it can have the most unique colors, including smoky and pistachio.

The fire hazard of enamel must be considered. Its main application is the coating of vehicles and specialized construction equipment.

BT-177

Enamel copes well with the protection of various structures and buildings in a normal atmosphere. The common name of the mixture ("silverfish") clearly describes its appearance. Enamel can be used to paint metal, concrete, and wood products.

There is no need for a preliminary primer, the coating becomes semi-gloss, elastic and resistant to temperatures up to 200 degrees. The surface does not have “pock marks” and “wrinkles”; accelerated hot drying can be applied (after spraying or brushing).

HS-759

Enamel can provide decent protection against aggressive chemicals (acidic or alkaline). It is based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride and an epoxy resin. Paint and varnish material perfectly covers a metal surface of any kind. Its stability is evidenced by the fact that the coating is suitable for application to freight cars and tanks, technological equipment, reinforced concrete structures. Enamel calmly tolerates contact with mineral acids and salts, with caustic alkalis and corrosive gases.

The primer and enamel retain their “viability” at room temperature for at least 8 hours. Application is made pneumatically, the use of a brush is permissible only in isolated areas. Operating humidity is at most 80%, and the surface must be warmed up at least 3 degrees above the dew point.

It is unacceptable to work with the XC-759 in the immediate vicinity of fire sources, in places with poor ventilation and without rubber gloves.

Storage is recommended in hermetically sealed containers, which will not be exposed to direct sunlight.

Enamel of this category is designed to cover thoroughly primed metal surfaces. Resistance to atmospheric influences is provided only partially, when placing the painted surface under a canopy. Also, the mixture can be used indoors. Corrosion-resistant properties are stable even with the active action of various substances. When filling with still (not in motion) water, resistance at room temperature is 24 hours.

HS-436

The main application is not the construction industry, but shipbuilding. This mixture was originally developed for corrosion protection of underwater parts and sections of the variable waterline.The cost of coverage is less than that of foreign analogues, and the physical characteristics are not worse at all.

In addition, it is resistant to:

• automobile and aviation gasolines,
• fuel oil
• fuel for diesel engines,
• technical lubricating oils
• salt water.

The mechanical characteristics of the XC-436 are so high that it can be safely used to decorate icebreaker hulls. The shelf life of the four standard layers is 4 years, and in the area of ​​the changing waterline, three layers are applied (they will last up to 2 years). Enamel has found another application: it is painted with the support of bridges and port structures.

Some construction crews are beginning to use the XC-436 in the decoration of private houses and apartments.

Sometimes such enamel also covers the external contours of underwater pipelines, including those designed for the passage of oil products, natural gas.

AC-182

The enamel coating is designed to protect the metal used in various climatic areas, including tropical and subtropical regions, from corrosion. The chemical base of LKM is a mixture of acrylic and alkyd resins with a desiccant additive. In moderate temperature and humidity conditions, the coating stably acts for at least 5 years. After applying the composition, there are no streaks left and excessive inclusions do not appear.

You can work only after cleaning and drying the surface. By technology, it is permissible to use high boiling solvents. In the process of painting and after its completion, thorough ventilation of the working room is required. You can perform work outdoors.

"IZOLEP-mastic"

Belongs to the number of thick-layer anticorrosive materials. The chemical nature of the mixture is epoxy; surface preparation is not particularly critical. The addition of aluminum powder enhances the protection.

Enamel can be used in:

• chemical industry
• petrochemical industry,
• transport infrastructure
• metallurgical production
• energy.

Corrosion protection is provided both inside and outside the premises, it is not violated by wet disinfection and with an average level of aggressiveness of the atmosphere. The color of the composition is gray or silver-gray, the concentration of non-volatile substances ranges from 78 to 83%.

Surface pretreatment involves the removal of dirt and grease, the removal of scale, rusty areas and old paintwork. It is impossible to dilute the enamel, applying it is done either with a brush, or with a roller, or by air spraying. The shortest drying time under favorable conditions is at least 6 hours.

It is possible to work with IZOLEP enamel only with glasses, a protective mask and hollow rubber gloves. A respirator is also recommended.

Do not use paintwork materials in rooms with poor-quality ventilation, as well as in conditions of increased fire hazard. It is permissible to use enamel when repairing a surface previously finished with epoxy and polyurethane mixtures.

It should be borne in mind that the conditions at a particular facility may differ from the standard ones described in the manufacturer's instructions.

EP-1236

Enamels of the brand are intended for anticorrosive insulation of steel surfaces. Drying time at room temperature reaches 3 hours.

This type of paintwork can be used in:

• mechanical engineering
• shipbuilding
• production of industrial plants and machine tools,
• decoration of sea freight containers.

In addition to a decent resistance to corrosion, enamel is resistant to weathering and an excellent level of adhesion. The coating is elastic, immune to the destructive effect of oil products, fresh and salt water, solutions of mineral salts. The use of enamel outside the temperate and cold climatic zones is unacceptable. The initial surface must be thoroughly cleaned, degreased and coated with a primer. It is recommended to store EP-1236 at temperatures from -30 to +30 degrees.

HS-710

The mixture is used to finish metal in order to protect it from acids and alkalis. At the bottom should be a layer of primer series XC. The created coating is not destroyed by gasoline, inorganic acids, corrosive gases. It is important to consider that maximum resistance is guaranteed only to reagents heated to no more than 60 degrees. When this mark is exceeded, the stability of properties is not always maintained.

The color can be gray or red-brown, drying at room temperature takes a maximum of 60 minutes. The mass concentration of non-volatiles varies from 27 to 33%, in volume terms this indicator is 12 - 16%. Surface treatment is carried out in pneumatic or vacuum spraying mode. By technology, it is forbidden to work near open flames and very hot objects. The warranty period for XC-710 is 1 year.

Water based

Water-based GOST enamels are all those mixtures that are created by acrylic emulsion. The advantage of using water as a solvent can drastically reduce the severity of the smell. Acrylic paints and enamels are very plastic, which increases their resistance to frost. However, to ensure the reliability of the layer is possible only after removing the deformed old coatings and using a primer that inhibits the development of microorganisms.

On a wooden surface, enamel will "work" for 8 years, and on a metal or plaster substrate - about two decades.

Colors

An important role is played by the coloring created with the help of building enamel. Even the most durable and stable coating in modern conditions can no longer be considered quite suitable for work, it also requires an aesthetic effect. The mother-of-pearl variety not only looks beautiful, it allows you to create an unusual feeling. This result is achieved due to the powder refracting light rays incident on it.

It is possible to breed mix only with use of water emulsion dyes.

Only an experienced craftsman should work with the powdered reagent. Errors and deviations from technology lead to clods. The paste makes it possible to create a wide color gamut and always turns out to be homogeneous. But to store it as long as the powder does not work. It is important to remember that the golden mother of pearl tint can be used only in the interior decoration, it will fade very quickly from the outside due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Glossy enamel pleases consumers with its smoothness and intense shine. Such coatings are water resistant, can be used for decoration of rooms with excessive humidity. Red and blue enamels PF-115 are able to maintain a stable saturated color for a long time. Even excessive moisture or jerking temperatures are not harmful to the coating. Importantly, the color from the opening of the can to the end of drying does not change.

Manufacturers

In addition to the actual characteristics, it is worth considering the features of the products of various manufacturers of enamels. For example, under the brand name "Rainbow" water-emulsion and water-dispersion mixtures for exterior and interior use are sold. This company also produces latex and wash-resistant compounds, "Prestige" produces enamels for concrete and ordinary floors, coatings with a hammer effect. The company's assortment also includes heat-resistant and radiator, matte and superwhite coatings.

How to choose?

Most often, the choice of enamel for outdoor work is done in favor of organosilicon compounds, which are very strong and serve for a long time. A variety of possible shades is another significant plus of such products.

If you need quick drying, you should give preference to alkyd mixtures (they dry in just 6 hours). The ХВ series is intended for those for whom it is not of fundamental importance whether the created surface will be glossy. For concrete and brick work, the HV-161 is recommended.

When performing internal work, the form of the surface being trimmed is taken into account, first of all. Of great importance is how important the hydrophobic properties of the paint material. Of the decorative parameters, the color and texture, the degree of brilliance is essential. The polyurethane composition is very durable, but the increased price limits the use of such enamels. Nitrocellulose variations are suitable primarily for wood finishing.

Lattices, machines and other metal products will become more attractive after using hammer enamel. It is not difficult to prepare the surface for staining with them. When staining batteries, it is worth paying attention not only to the hydrophobic properties of the composition, but also to its resistance to significant heating. It is equally important to think about the safety of the mixture used, which even at temperatures above 100 degrees should not emit toxic substances.

Another significant point is thermal conductivity (the higher it is, the better).

Application Features

• White enamel can be used only on those surfaces that will not be exposed to excessive pollution and dust.
• Wood enamels with a high concentration of artificial varnishes and a low content of fillers look better than ordinary coatings.
• EP alkyd-epoxy material is not suitable for regions of the far north.
• And materials of the FL series (phenol-oil) rapidly dry without loss of quality and at the same time form very strong coatings.

Contrary to popular belief, quick-drying paint does not contain any harmful components. Moreover, it includes mainly natural non-toxic substances. Such paintwork materials do not slip, therefore they can be used in any rooms.

However, it should be borne in mind that a high drying rate results in poor adhesion. Even with very thorough surface preparation, enamel must be applied with a thin layer, otherwise it will begin to spread.

About the acrylic enamel with the ILLUSION chameleon effect, see the next video.